Thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom siv sab neeg siv hauv kev nkag mus rau broadband fiber, peb feem ntau pom cov lus Askiv xws li ONU, ONT, SFU, thiab HGU. Cov lus no txhais li cas? Qhov txawv yog dab tsi?
1. ONUs thiab ONTs
Cov hom kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv broadband optical fiber suav nrog: FTTH, FTTO, thiab FTTB, thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv sab neeg siv sib txawv nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev siv. Cov khoom siv sab neeg siv ntawm FTTH thiab FTTO yog siv los ntawm ib tus neeg siv, hu uaONT(Lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm lub network optical, lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm lub network optical), thiab cov khoom siv sab ntawm tus neeg siv ntawm FTTB yog sib koom los ntawm ntau tus neeg siv, hu uaONU(Chav Optical Network, chav optical network).
Tus neeg siv uas tau hais ntawm no yog hais txog tus neeg siv uas tus neeg teb xov tooj them tus nqi ywj pheej, tsis yog tus lej ntawm cov davhlau ya nyob twg siv. Piv txwv li, ONT ntawm FTTH feem ntau yog sib koom los ntawm ntau lub davhlau ya nyob twg hauv tsev, tab sis tsuas yog ib tus neeg siv xwb thiaj suav tau.
2. Hom ONT
ONT yog qhov peb feem ntau hu ua optical modem, uas muab faib ua SFU (Single Family Unit, single family user unit), HGU (Home Gateway Unit, home gateway unit) thiab SBU (Single Business Unit, single business user unit).
2.1. SFU
Feem ntau SFU muaj 1 txog 4 Ethernet interfaces, 1 txog 2 lub xov tooj ruaj khov interfaces, thiab qee cov qauv kuj muaj cable TV interfaces. SFU tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm hauv tsev, thiab tsuas yog lub davhlau ya nyob twg txuas nrog Ethernet chaw nres nkoj tuaj yeem hu xov tooj mus rau nkag mus rau hauv Is Taws Nem, thiab lub luag haujlwm tswj hwm chaw taws teeb tsis muaj zog. Lub modem optical siv nyob rau theem thaum ntxov ntawm FTTH yog SFU, uas tsis tshua siv tam sim no.
2.2. Cov HGUs
Cov modems optical uas muaj cov neeg siv FTTH qhib rau xyoo tas los no yog txhua tusHGUPiv nrog SFU, HGU muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo li nram no:
(1) HGU yog lub cuab yeej rooj vag, uas yooj yim rau kev sib txuas lus hauv tsev; thaum SFU yog lub cuab yeej kis tau pob tshab, uas tsis muaj peev xwm rooj vag, thiab feem ntau xav tau kev koom tes ntawm cov cuab yeej rooj vag xws li cov routers hauv tsev hauv kev sib txuas lus hauv tsev.
(2) HGU txhawb hom kev teeb tsa thiab muaj NAT ua haujlwm, uas yog ib qho khoom siv txheej-3; thaum hom SFU tsuas yog txhawb hom kev txuas txheej-2, uas yog sib npaug rau qhov hloov txheej-2.
(3) HGU tuaj yeem siv nws daim ntawv thov broadband dial-up, thiab cov khoos phis tawj txuas nrog thiab cov xov tooj ntawm tes tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv Is Taws Nem yam tsis tas hu xov tooj; thaum SFU yuav tsum tau hu los ntawm tus neeg siv lub khoos phis tawj lossis xov tooj ntawm tes lossis los ntawm lub router hauv tsev.
(4) HGU yooj yim dua rau kev ua haujlwm loj thiab kev tswj xyuas txij nkawm.
HGU feem ntau los nrogWiFi thiab muaj qhov chaw nres nkoj USB.
2.3. Cov Chaw Muag Khoom Siv Hauv Tebchaws (SBUs)
Lub SBU feem ntau yog siv rau FTTO tus neeg siv nkag mus, thiab feem ntau muaj Ethernet interface, thiab qee cov qauv muaj E1 interface, landline interface, lossis wifi function. Piv nrog SFU thiab HGU, SBU muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo dua thiab ruaj khov dua, thiab kuj siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej sab nraum zoov xws li kev saib xyuas video.
3. ONUThom
ONU yog muab faib uaMDU(Chav Nyob Ntau, chav nyob ntau tus neeg nyob) thiab MTU (Chav Nyob Ntau, chav nyob ntau).
Lub MDU feem ntau yog siv rau kev nkag mus rau ntau tus neeg siv nyob hauv qab FTTB daim ntawv thov hom, thiab feem ntau muaj tsawg kawg yog 4 tus neeg siv interfaces, feem ntau nrog 8, 16, 24 FE lossis FE + POTS (xov tooj ruaj khov) interfaces.
MTU feem ntau yog siv rau kev nkag mus rau ntau tus neeg siv lag luam lossis ntau lub davhlau ya nyob twg hauv tib lub tuam txhab hauv FTTB qhov xwm txheej. Ntxiv rau Ethernet interface thiab lub xov tooj ruaj khov interface, nws kuj tseem yuav muaj E1 interface; cov duab thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm MTU feem ntau tsis zoo ib yam li cov ntawm MDU. Qhov sib txawv, tab sis kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo dua thiab kev ruaj khov siab dua. Nrog rau kev nrov npe ntawm FTTO, cov xwm txheej thov ntawm MTU tau txais me dua thiab me dua.
4. Kev Txheeb Xyuas
Kev nkag mus rau hauv fiber ntau siv cov thev naus laus zis PON. Thaum tsis paub meej txog cov khoom siv ntawm tus neeg siv, cov khoom siv ntawm PON system tuaj yeem hu ua ONU.
ONU, ONT, SFU, HGU…cov no cov khoom siv txhua tus piav qhia txog cov khoom siv sab neeg siv rau kev nkag mus rau broadband los ntawm ntau lub kaum sib txawv, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv tau pom hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-21-2023