Hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau, kev xaiv lub teeb wavelength zoo li kev kho lub chaw xov tooj cua - tsuas yog xaiv qhov "zaus" kom raug thiaj li xa tau cov teeb liab kom meej thiab ruaj khov. Vim li cas qee lub optical modules muaj qhov deb ntawm kev xa tsuas yog 500 meters, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem hla ntau pua kilometers? Qhov zais cia nyob hauv "xim" ntawm lub teeb - uas yog, qhov tseeb dua, qhov wavelength ntawm lub teeb.
Hauv cov tes hauj lwm sib txuas lus niaj hnub no, cov modules optical nrog cov wavelengths sib txawv ua lub luag haujlwm sib txawv. Peb lub wavelengths tseem ceeb - 850nm, 1310nm, thiab 1550nm - tsim cov hauv paus ntawm kev sib txuas lus optical, txhua tus tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib kis, cov yam ntxwv poob, thiab cov xwm txheej siv.
Vim li cas thiaj xav tau ntau lub wavelengths?
Qhov ua rau muaj ntau yam wavelength hauv cov modules optical yog ob qho teeb meem loj hauv kev xa xov fiber optic: poob thiab dispersion. Thaum cov teeb liab optical raug xa mus rau hauv cov fibers optical, lub zog attenuation (poob) tshwm sim vim yog kev nqus, scattering, thiab to ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov ceev tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom sib txawv wavelength ua rau lub teeb liab pulse broadening (dispersion). Qhov no tau ua rau muaj ntau yam kev daws teeb meem wavelength:
850nm kab: feem ntau ua haujlwm hauv multimode optical fibers, nrog rau kev sib kis deb feem ntau yog txij li ob peb puas meters (xws li ~ 550 meters), thiab yog lub zog tseem ceeb rau kev sib kis luv luv (xws li hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv).
1310nm band: Qhia txog cov yam ntxwv qis dispersion hauv cov qauv ib hom fibers, nrog rau kev sib kis mus txog kaum tawm kilometers (xws li ~ 60 kilometers), ua rau nws yog tus txha nqaj qaum ntawm kev sib kis nruab nrab.
1550nm band: Nrog rau qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm kev txo qis (kwv yees li 0.19dB / km), qhov kev sib kis theoretical tuaj yeem tshaj 150 kilometers, ua rau nws yog tus huab tais ntawm kev sib kis ntev thiab txawm tias ultra ntev.
Kev nce ntawm wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) thev naus laus zis tau ua rau muaj peev xwm ntawm cov fibers optical ntau ntxiv. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv fiber ntau ob txoj kev (BIDI) optical modules ua tiav kev sib txuas lus ob txoj kev ntawm ib lub fiber los ntawm kev siv cov wavelengths sib txawv (xws li 1310nm / 1550nm ua ke) ntawm qhov kawg xa thiab txais, txuag cov peev txheej fiber ntau. Cov thev naus laus zis Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) siab dua tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov sib nrug wavelength nqaim heev (xws li 100GHz) hauv cov bands tshwj xeeb (xws li O-band 1260-1360nm), thiab ib lub fiber tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kaum ob lossis ntau pua txoj kab wavelength, ua rau muaj peev xwm xa mus rau Tbps qib thiab tso tawm tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm fiber optics.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov wavelength ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag?
Kev xaiv ntawm wavelength yuav tsum tau xav txog ntau yam tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
Kev sib kis nrug:
- Qhov deb luv (≤ 2km): nyiam dua 850nm (multimode fiber).
- Nruab nrab nrug (10-40km): haum rau 1310nm (ib hom fiber).
- Qhov deb ntev (≥ 60km): 1550nm (ib hom fiber) yuav tsum tau xaiv, lossis siv ua ke nrog lub amplifier optical.
Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj peev xwm:
- Kev lag luam ib txwm muaj: Cov modules wavelength ruaj khov txaus.
- Muaj peev xwm loj, kis tau ceev ceev: Yuav tsum muaj DWDM/CWDM thev naus laus zis. Piv txwv li, 100G DWDM system ua haujlwm hauv O-band tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ntau kaum ob txoj kab sib txuas ceev ceev.
Kev xav txog tus nqi:
- Module wavelength ruaj khov: Tus nqi pib ntawm chav tsev yog qis dua, tab sis ntau cov qauv wavelength ntawm cov khoom seem yuav tsum tau muaj.
- Module wavelength uas kho tau: Kev nqis peev thawj zaug yog qhov siab heev, tab sis los ntawm kev kho software, nws tuaj yeem npog ntau lub wavelengths, ua kom yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm cov khoom seem, thiab thaum kawg, txo qhov nyuaj thiab cov nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas.
Daim Ntawv Thov Xwm Txheej:
- Kev Sib Txuas Lus Hauv Chaw Khaws Cov Ntaub Ntawv (DCI): Cov kev daws teeb meem DWDM uas muaj qhov ceev ceev, qis zog yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.
- 5G fronthaul: Nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj tus nqi siab, latency, thiab kev ntseeg tau, cov qauv tsim los ntawm qib kev lag luam uas tsim los ntawm cov fiber ntau ob txoj kev (BIDI) yog qhov kev xaiv dav dav.
- Lub network chaw ua lag luam: Nyob ntawm qhov deb thiab bandwidth xav tau, qis-zog, nruab nrab mus rau luv luv CWDM lossis cov modules wavelength ruaj khov tuaj yeem xaiv tau.
Xaus Lus: Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Kev Siv Tshuab thiab Kev Xav Txog Yav Tom Ntej
Cov thev naus laus zis optical module txuas ntxiv mus sai sai. Cov khoom siv tshiab xws li wavelength selective switches (WSS) thiab liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) tab tom tsav tsheb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qauv network optical uas muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab uas tsom mus rau cov bands tshwj xeeb, xws li O-band, yeej ib txwm ua kom zoo dua qub, xws li txo qhov kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm module thaum tswj hwm qhov sib piv ntawm lub teeb liab rau lub suab nrov (OSNR) txaus.
Hauv kev tsim kho network yav tom ntej, cov engineers tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum xam qhov deb ntawm kev xa xov thaum xaiv cov wavelengths xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tsum soj ntsuam kev siv hluav taws xob, kev hloov pauv kub, kev siv hluav taws xob ntau, thiab kev siv nyiaj tag nrho. Cov modules optical uas muaj kev ntseeg siab uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau kaum tawm mais hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav (xws li -40 ℃ txias heev) tab tom dhau los ua qhov kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau cov chaw ib puag ncig nyuaj (xws li cov chaw nres tsheb deb).
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-17-2025