Cov khoom siv los tsim cov fibers optical tuaj yeem nqus tau lub zog ntawm lub teeb. Tom qab cov khoom me me hauv cov khoom siv fiber optical nqus tau lub zog ntawm lub teeb, lawv tsim kev co thiab cua sov, thiab tshem tawm lub zog, ua rau poob kev nqus.Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov kev poob ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau optical.
Peb paub tias cov khoom muaj cov atoms thiab molecules, thiab cov atoms muaj cov atomic nuclei thiab extranuclear electrons, uas tig ib ncig ntawm lub atomic nuclei hauv ib qho orbit. Qhov no zoo li lub ntiaj teb uas peb nyob, nrog rau cov ntiaj teb zoo li Venus thiab Mars, txhua tus tig ib ncig ntawm lub Hnub. Txhua lub electron muaj qee yam zog thiab nyob hauv ib qho orbit, lossis hais lwm yam, txhua qhov orbit muaj qee yam zog.
Cov theem zog orbital ze rau lub nucleus atomic qis dua, thaum cov theem zog orbital deb ntawm lub nucleus atomic siab dua.Qhov loj ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qib zog ntawm cov orbits hu ua qhov sib txawv ntawm qib zog. Thaum cov electrons hloov ntawm qib zog qis mus rau qib zog siab, lawv yuav tsum nqus lub zog ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qib zog sib xws.
Hauv cov fibers optical, thaum cov electrons ntawm qee qib zog raug irradiated nrog lub teeb ntawm qhov wavelength sib raug rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qib zog, cov electrons nyob rau ntawm cov orbitals qis zog yuav hloov mus rau orbitals nrog cov qib zog siab dua.Cov electron no nqus cov zog teeb, ua rau lub teeb poob.
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov fiber ntau, silicon dioxide (SiO2), nws tus kheej nqus lub teeb, ib qho hu ua ultraviolet absorption thiab lwm qhov hu ua infrared absorption. Tam sim no, kev sib txuas lus fiber optic feem ntau tsuas yog ua haujlwm hauv qhov ntev ntawm 0.8-1.6 μ m, yog li peb tsuas yog tham txog qhov poob hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm no.
Lub ncov nqus uas tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob hauv cov iav quartz yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.1-0.2 μ m wavelength hauv thaj chaw ultraviolet. Thaum lub wavelength nce ntxiv, nws qhov kev nqus maj mam txo qis, tab sis thaj chaw cuam tshuam dav, ncav cuag wavelengths saum toj no 1 μ m. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nqus UV muaj qhov cuam tshuam me ntsis rau cov fiber ntau quartz ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw infrared. Piv txwv li, hauv thaj chaw pom kev ntawm lub teeb wavelength ntawm 0.6 μ m, kev nqus ultraviolet tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1dB / km, uas txo qis rau 0.2-0.3dB / km ntawm wavelength ntawm 0.8 μ m, thiab tsuas yog li 0.1dB / km ntawm wavelength ntawm 1.2 μ m.
Qhov kev poob ntawm infrared absorption ntawm quartz fiber yog tsim los ntawm kev co molecular ntawm cov khoom siv hauv thaj chaw infrared. Muaj ntau lub ncov absorption vibration hauv qhov zaus band saum toj no 2 μ m. Vim yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam doping hauv cov fibers optical, nws tsis yooj yim sua rau quartz fibers kom muaj lub qhov rais poob qis hauv qhov zaus band saum toj no 2 μ m. Qhov kev poob theoretical txwv ntawm 1.85 μ m yog ldB / km.Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, nws kuj pom tias muaj qee cov "molecules puas tsuaj" ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv quartz iav, feem ntau yog cov hlau hloov pauv tsis zoo xws li tooj liab, hlau, chromium, manganese, thiab lwm yam. Cov 'neeg phem' no nqus lub zog teeb pom kev zoo hauv qab lub teeb ci ntsa iab, dhia thiab dhia ncig, ua rau poob lub zog teeb pom kev zoo. Kev tshem tawm 'cov neeg ua teeb meem' thiab kev ntxuav cov khoom siv los tsim cov fibers optical tuaj yeem txo qhov kev poob ntau heev.
Lwm qhov chaw nqus dej hauv cov fiber ntau quartz yog theem hydroxide (OH-). Nws tau pom tias hydroxide muaj peb lub ncov nqus dej hauv cov kab ua haujlwm ntawm cov fiber, uas yog 0.95 μ m, 1.24 μ m, thiab 1.38 μ m. Ntawm lawv, qhov poob dej nqus dej ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 1.38 μ m yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws rau cov fiber. Ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 1.38 μ m, qhov poob dej nqus dej uas tsim los ntawm hydroxide ions nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsuas yog 0.0001 yog siab txog 33dB / km.
Cov hydroxide ions no los qhov twg? Muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm hydroxide ions. Ua ntej, cov ntaub ntawv siv los tsim cov fibers optical muaj cov dej noo thiab cov tshuaj hydroxide, uas nyuaj rau tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua cov khoom siv raw thiab thaum kawg tseem nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm hydroxide ions hauv cov fibers optical; Qhov thib ob, cov hydrogen thiab cov tshuaj oxygen siv hauv kev tsim cov fibers optical muaj cov dej noo me ntsis; Qhov thib peb, dej yog tsim thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov fibers optical vim yog cov tshuaj lom neeg; Qhov thib plaub yog tias huab cua sab nraud nkag los coj cov pa dej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tam sim no tau tsim mus rau qib tseem ceeb, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm hydroxide ions tau raug txo kom tsawg txaus uas nws qhov cuam tshuam rau cov fibers optical tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-23-2025